Ek subah aapne demat app kholi aur dekha: share ka bhav aadha ho gaya, lekin holding double ho gayi. Company ne 1:1 bonus diya tha. Ya shayad company ne 2 saal baad buyback offer bheja aur aap soch rahe hain, "Dena chahiye ya nahi, aur tax kitna lagega?" Corporate actions sunne me simple lagte hain, lekin tax me har ek ka alag rule hai. Aur 1 April 2026 se buyback ka tax-rule bhi badal chuka hai. Chaliye ek-ek karke samjhte hain.
Quick Summary
- Bonus: milne par tax nahi. Cost nil, holding period bonus date se
- Split: koi tax nahi. Total cost wahi, per-share cost kam, holding period purana
- Rights: subscribe karne ya entitlement bechne ka alag tax-treatment
- Buyback: 1 April 2026 se capital gains. Promoters par extra tax
- Sabhi me asli tax bechte waqt hi banta hai
Chaar Corporate Actions Ek Table Me
| Event | Milne par tax | Cost of acquisition | Holding period kahan se |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bonus shares | Nahi | Nil (poora sale price gain) | Bonus allotment ki date se |
| Stock split | Nahi | Purani total cost, naye shares me baanti hui | Original kharid ki date se |
| Rights shares | Nahi | Jo price aapne rights me bhari | Rights shares ki allotment date se |
| Buyback | Capital gain banta hai (1 April 2026 se) | Aapki original cost | Original kharid ki date se |
Bonus Shares: Cost Nil Ka Matlab
Maan lijiye aapne 2 saal pehle 100 shares ₹1,000 par kharide (₹1,00,000). 3 mahine pehle 1:1 bonus mila, aur ex-bonus ke baad bhav ₹550 ho gaya.
| Kya becha | Sale value | Cost | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 bonus shares (3 mahine purane) | ₹55,000 | ₹0 | STCG ₹55,000, tax 20% = ₹11,000 plus cess ≈ ₹11,440 |
| 100 original shares (2 saal purane) | ₹55,000 | ₹1,00,000 | LTCL ₹45,000 |
Yahan ek chhupa hua nuksan dikhta hai: bonus bechne par gain short-term banta hai, jabki original shares bechne par long-term loss. Long-term loss ko short-term gain se set-off nahi kar sakte, wo sirf long-term capital gain se set-off hota hai. Isliye bonus ke baad kya aur kab bechna hai, ye soch-samajh kar tay karein. Loss ke rules loss set-off guide me hain.
Stock Split: Sirf Bhav Aur Quantity Badalti Hai
Maan lijiye 100 shares ki total cost ₹50,000 thi (₹500 per share). 1:5 split ke baad 500 shares ho gaye aur per-share cost ₹100 ho gayi. Total cost ₹50,000 hi rahi aur holding period bhi purana hi chalta rahega. Isliye split ke baad ek-do din me bechne par bhi tax us purani date se gina jata hai.
Rights Issue: Teen Raaste, Teen Tax-Result
- Subscribe karein: naye shares ki cost wo price hai jo aapne rights me bhari. Holding period naye shares ki allotment se shuru hota hai.
- Entitlement bech dein: rights entitlement ki cost nil maani jati hai, to poori kamai capital gain ban jati hai, aam taur par short-term. Entitlement equity share nahi hota, isliye iska rate (special rate ya slab) tax professional se confirm karna behtar hai.
- Lapse hone dein: koi tax nahi, lekin aapka ownership percentage dilute ho jata hai.
Rights ki price aur entitlement ka bhav alag-alag hote hain. Kaunsa raasta sahi hai ye company ke fundamentals aur aapki zarurat par depend karta hai, sirf tax par nahi.
Buyback: Teen Daur, Teen Tax-Rule
Buyback ka tax pichhle kuch saalon me kai baar badla hai, isliye purane articles aur YouTube videos se confuse na ho.
| Period | Shareholder ke haath me |
|---|---|
| 1 October 2024 se pehle | Company buyback tax deti thi, shareholder ke liye proceeds tax-free |
| 1 October 2024 se 31 March 2026 tak | Poora buyback paisa dividend, slab rate par taxable. Cost ka loss alag se capital loss |
| 1 April 2026 se (tax year 2026-27 onwards) | Buyback price minus cost = capital gain (Income-tax Act, 2025 ka section 69). Promoters par additional tax |
Worked Example
Aapne 100 shares ₹800 par kharide the (₹80,000). Company ne tender offer me ₹1,000 par buyback kiya aur aapke saare 100 shares accept hue (₹1,00,000).
| Scenario | Taxable amount | Tax (approx.) |
|---|---|---|
| Purana dividend model, 30% slab (cess ke saath 31.2%) | ₹1,00,000 dividend | ₹31,200, aur ₹80,000 ka capital loss alag (sirf capital gains se set-off) |
| Naya model, 2 saal baad (LTCG) | ₹20,000 gain | ₹1.25 lakh ki exemption ke andar, to ₹0 (agar aur LTCG nahi) |
| Naya model, 6 mahine baad (STCG) | ₹20,000 gain | 20% = ₹4,000 plus cess ≈ ₹4,160 |
Ye kalpanik example hai aur maan kar chala gaya hai ki shares listed hain aur normal capital gains rates lagu hote hain. Kuch jagah transaction ke route, listed ya unlisted hone aur STT ke hisaab se treatment badal sakta hai, isliye contract note aur CA ki salah lein.
Promoters Ke Liye Extra Tax
Finance Act 2026 ne promoters ke liye alag se additional tax lagaya hai, taki buyback dividend ka sasta vikalp na ban jaye. Reports ke mutabik individual ya non-corporate promoters par effective tax lagbhag 30% aur domestic company promoters par lagbhag 22% hota hai. Aapka shareholding "promoter" category me aata hai ya nahi, ye facts par depend karta hai. Aam retail shareholder par ye extra tax lagu nahi hota.
Dividend Wale Ko Bhi Ek Baat Yaad Rakhni Chahiye
Dividend slab rate par taxable hai, aur 1 April 2026 se karza lekar dividend ya mutual fund income kamane par uspar interest ka deduction nahi milta. Pehle gross dividend ka 20% tak interest deduction milta tha. Dividend me aapki cost ka koi minus nahi milta, isliye buyback aur dividend ki tulna karte waqt ye fark dhyan me rakhein.
Common Mistakes
- Bonus shares ko "free" samajh kar sale par cost nil lagana bhul jana.
- Bonus shares ka holding period original kharid ki date se ginna.
- Stock split ko transfer maan kar naya holding period ginna.
- Rights entitlement bechkar mili raqam ITR me na dikhana.
- Buyback ke purane dividend-wale rules ko 2026 ke baad bhi lagu samajhna.
- Broker ke contract note me buyback ke charges aur STT check na karna.
- Long-term loss se short-term gain set-off hone ki ummeed rakhna.
Related Guides
- Capital Gains Tax on Shares and Mutual Funds
- IPO Se Kamai Par Tax: Listing Gain, SME IPO aur Lock-in
- Loss Set-off aur Carry Forward Rules
- Pvt Ltd Se Paise Kaise Nikalein: Salary, Dividend, Loan
Frequently Asked Questions
Bonus shares milne par kya tax dena padta hai?
Bonus shares milne par us waqt koi tax nahi lagta. Tax tab lagta hai jab aap bonus shares bechte hain. Unki cost of acquisition nil maani jati hai aur holding period bonus allotment ki date se shuru hota hai.
Stock split hone par kya cost badal jati hai?
Total cost wahi rehti hai, bas per-share cost split ratio ke hisaab se kam ho jati hai. Holding period purani date se hi chalta rehta hai, naya shuru nahi hota. Split ko tax-wise koi transfer nahi maana jata.
Rights issue me paisa na lagayein to kya hoga?
Rights entitlement ko aap exchange par bech sakte hain ya lapse hone de sakte hain. Bechne par jo paisa mila wo capital gain ho sakta hai, cost nil maani jati hai. Lapse hone par koi tax nahi, lekin aapka hissa dilute ho jata hai.
Buyback me share dene par ab tax kaise lagta hai?
Finance Act 2026 ke baad, 1 April 2026 se, buyback ka paisa dividend ki jagah capital gains maana jata hai. Yani buyback price minus aapki cost par STCG ya LTCG lagta hai. Promoters ke liye ek additional tax ka alag provision hai.
Buyback me promoter ko extra tax kyun?
Sarkar nahi chahti ki promoter buyback ko dividend se sasta raasta bana le. Isliye promoters ke liye effective tax lagbhag 30% (individual/non-corporate promoter) aur 22% (domestic company promoter) rakha gaya hai, jisme normal capital gains tax ke upar additional tax shamil hai. Exact calculation facts par depend karti hai.
Dividend aur buyback me kya fark hai?
Dividend aapki slab rate par taxable income hota hai, aur cost ka koi minus nahi milta. Buyback me ab sirf gain par tax lagta hai, jo aksar kam ho sakta hai. Lekin buyback me sabhi ke shares accept hone ki guarantee nahi hoti.
Bonus, split ya buyback ke baad capital gains ka hisaab karna uljha ho sakta hai, khaaskar jab kai lots aur alag-alag dates hon. Hamari Income Tax Return Filing service me hum cost, holding period aur set-off sahi tareeke se dikhane me madad karte hain.
Disclaimer: Ye jaankari general hai aur October 2026 tak ke kanoon par aadharit hai. Income-tax Act, 1961 ke section numbers 1 April 2026 se Income-tax Act, 2025 me renumber ho chuke hain. Rates aur rules Budget ke saath badalte rehte hain, aur buyback ke naye provisions ke detail abhi bhi spasht ho rahe hain. Ye investment ya tax advice nahi hai. Apne case ke liye kisi qualified professional se salah lein.